Background: THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR ((TPB)) has not been adequately addressed in the field of physical activity among Iranianwomen. Objectives: This study aimed to determine factors affecting physical activity BEHAVIOR among women based on the THEORY ofPLANNED BEHAVIOR. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 398 women in Kerman, Iran. The women were selected through the multistagerandomsamplingmethod. Data were collected using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)anda researchermadequestionnaire based on the constructs of the THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR and analyzed using structural equation MODELing(SEM). Results: The mean age (SD) of participants was 36. 9 (9. 9). Perceived BEHAVIORal control ( = 0. 16, P = 0. 013) and BEHAVIORal intention( =0. 16, P=0. 005)hada significant positive direct effectonphysical activityBEHAVIOR. Moreover, instrumental attitude ( =0. 04, P=0. 003), subjectivenorms( =0. 04, P=0. 003)andperceived BEHAVIORal control ( =0. 03, P=0. 002)hada significant positive indirecteffect on physical activity BEHAVIOR. BEHAVIORal intention and perceived BEHAVIORal control constructs predicted 6% of variance ofphysical activity BEHAVIOR. Conclusions: Given that the constructs of BEHAVIORal intention and perceived BEHAVIORal control could predict physical activity BEHAVIOR, health promotion interventions should be designed with an emphasis on these factors in order to promote physical activityin women.

Introduction: The increased rate of unnecessary cesarean indicates improper function of health system. Health education leads to promotion of mothers' knowledge during pregnancy in order to select appropriate mode of delivery and do not choose cesarean section without clinical reason. Therefore, this study was performed with aim to determine the effect of educational interventions based on THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR ((TPB)) on selecting mode of delivery.Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 90 nulliparous pregnant women referred to Yazd health centers in 2015. The subjects were selected with multistage sampling method and were divided into 3 groups. Group I received educational training package based on (TPB) MODEL during 3 sessions of 60 minutes. Group II received education in the form of Pamphlet and control group received routine training. Attitude, subjective norms, perceived BEHAVIORal control and intention were assessed by researcher-made tools before and after the intervention. Also, the mothers' decision was again asked at 38 weeks of pregnancy. Data was analyzed by SPSS (version 21) and Chi-square, paired T-test and Kruskal-Wallis test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: Before the educational intervention, there was no significant difference between three groups in terms of attitude, subjective norms, perceived BEHAVIORal control and intention (P>0.001). After the intervention, there was significant difference in all domains in education group before and after the intervention. Also, the comparison between the groups showed significant difference between the intervention group based on MODEL and pamphlet group and control group (P<0.001).Conclusion: Training based on MODEL is an effective method to increase motivation, decision-making ability and skill of pregnant women to choose normal vaginal delivery. Therefore, performing preventive measures and increasing awareness of pregnant women is necessary.

Background: Studies report inappropriate snack and junk food consumption patterns in children and young adults in Iran. The current survey was aimed to explore fast food consumption BEHAVIORs in high-school students based on the THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 500 high-school students. Samples were selected based on cluster sampling method at first and simple random at second. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze, SPSS-16 and tests, including t-test, Chi-square, correlation coefficient and multiple regressions were used. Results: The monthly frequency of fast food consumption was 4. 01. The (TPB) explained fast food use BEHAVIORs with R2 of 0. 6, effectively. Results also represented that frequency of fast food consumption was meaningfully in line with BEHAVIORal intention (β = 0. 60, P < 0. 05) and subjective norms (β = 0. 17, P < 0. 05). Conclusion: It seems likely beneficial to consider important subjective norms (especially friends) that may strongly effect on high-school student intention to use fast food. Also students perceived BEHAVIORal control must be increased.

Background: Smoking among the youth is an important public health concern. Although several studies have investigated the correlates of smoking BEHAVIOR, no THEORY-based study has particularly assessed this problem among medical students.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the extended THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR ((TPB)) to predict smoking BEHAVIOR among a sample of Iranian medical students.Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in Ahvaz, Iran, 2014. The data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire, which included items on demographics, smoking BEHAVIOR, and components of the (TPB) MODEL (attitude, subjective norms, perceived BEHAVIOR control, and intention), and an added construct on smoking refusal skill. Data were analyzed using descriptive correlation, and linear regression statistics by SPSS, version 16.Results: One hundred and seventy medical students with a mean age of 21.25 (SD=2.9) years were enrolled in the study. Of them, 24 (13.5%) students were smokers. All components of the (TPB) MODEL and smoking refusal skill were statistically significant as to intention to smoke (P<0.001). The (TPB) constructs with and without smoking refusal skill accounted for 77% (adjusted R2) and 78% of the variance observed for intention to smoke, respectively. The results also revealed the highest weight for perceived BEHAVIOR control (b=-0.40).Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated that all (TPB) variables are useful tools for prediction of the smoking BEHAVIORs among students. Particularly, students’ perceived BEHAVIORal control and attitudes towards smoking were found to be important determinants of smoking intentions. Thus, the findings could be used for planning effective tobacco control programs targeting University students.

Background and Objective: The AIDS epidemic is considerably widespread across the world, turning out to be an exigent problem. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of educational intervention based on the THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR ((TPB)) on the prevention of AIDS among health volunteers in Sirjan County.Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study in which 120 health volunteers attending health centers in Sirjan city, were selected to participate in this study; 60 in the intervention group and 60 in the control group. The intervention was conducted over three sessions for 60 minutes. Data were collected by a valid and reliable 40-item questionnaire before intervention and three months after the intervention. Data was analyzed by chi-square, Fisher's exact, paired t-test and independent t-test.Results: The average scores of both groups according to awareness level, attitude toward BEHAVIOR, functioning, BEHAVIORal intention, mental norms and perceived BEHAVIORal control had no meaningful differences before the intervention. But after educational intervention, the average scores of all variables increased meaningfully in the intervention group (p<0.001). But, there was no increase or significant difference in the control group.Conclusion: (TPB) was effective in educating health volunteers. Therefore, it is suggested that (TPB) can be used in training AIDs-prevention BEHAVIORs.

Introduction: Considering the high prevalence of drug use in Iran and the need to pay attention to this issue in educational environments, it is important to identify the underlying factors to plan preventive measures. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the intention of drug abuse in students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Method: The current cross-sectional study was conducted using a descriptive-analytical design. The statistical population consisted of students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in 2022. The samples (n=237) were selected using a stratified sampling method. The tool for collecting information was the questionnaire of Mirzaei et al., whose validity and reliability were already confirmed. Data analysis was done in SPSS24 software and by Chi-square, independent t, Mann-Whitney, and logistic regression MODELs. Results: The mean age of the participants was 23.75±3.86 (19-45) years. The history of smoking, alcohol use, and opium use was 28.3%, 23.6%, and 8%, respectively. Besides, 25.8% of the participants had a history of using other substances, including hashish, crack, heroin, ecstasy, amphetamine, and LSD. Based on the results of this study, the relationship between BEHAVIORal intention and attitude, abstract norms, and perceived BEHAVIORal control was statistically significant )P<0.05). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between drug use and male gender, smoking, and having friends using drugs. Conclusion: Considering that attitude was a stronger predictor of BEHAVIORal intention, it seems that the implementation of appropriate educational programs can be an effective measure to raise students’ awareness in this regard.

Environmental pollution, destruction and overuse of natural resources come mostly from inappropriate human BEHAVIORs. The role of women in protecting the environment is considered as a critical contribution to conservation of natural resources. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the environmental BEHAVIOR of rural women in Halilrood watershed area of Jiroft County in Kerman province of Iran using the THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR ((TPB)) in 2017. This survey research was conducted in a descriptive method. Accessible statistical population included rural women of the studied area (N=1288). Sample size was determined via Krejcie and Morgan table (n=297). Sampling was done in a proportional stratified random sampling method. The research instrument was a questionnaire, the validity and reliability of which were confirmed. Study results showed that there was a positive and significant (p≤ 0. 01) relationship between antecedent variables including environmental attitude, subjective norms and perceived BEHAVIORal control (PBC) and mediator variable (environmental intention); also, there was a positive and significant (p≤ 0. 01) relationship between the environmental intention and the rural women's BEHAVIOR. Therefore, antecedent variables could explain 63 percent of variations in the rural women’ s BEHAVIOR by environmental intention

One of the important measures of the State Tax Organization is to implement new electronic technologies to design and collect taxes correctly. Therefore, the electronic taxation requires not only legal and electronic infrastructures but also citizens' acceptance as a key element for development. This research intends to review factors affecting electronic tax acceptance based on integrating THEORY of Accepting MODEL (TAM) and THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR ((TPB)) MODEL. This research is classified as a fundamental, descriptive study and as it uses questionnaire for collecting information, it is a survey study. The statistics sample consists of all taxpayers of Shahrekord's General Tax Directorate in 1392 from which 384 were selected by random sampling method by using Cochran's formula. The questionnaire reliability is 0.95. The data analyzed by SPSS 2 and the hypotheses of this research were confirmed by 99% confidence. The results indicate that there are significant relationships between perceived usefulness, taxpayers' attitudes, mental norms and perceived BEHAVIORal control with taxpayers' intentions, perceived usefulness, ease of use, security and privacy with taxpayers' attitudes, ease of use with perceived usefulness, personal computer effectiveness, government protection and technology with perceived BEHAVIORal control.

Background: Nutrition is one of the factors affecting children’ s health and empowering mothers is the most important way to prevent underweight. This study is conducted to compare the effectiveness of health belief MODEL (HBM) and the THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR on the nutritional education of mothers with underweight children aged 6-36 months in Gonabad City, Iran. Methods: The study was of a field trial type carried out on 93 mothers with underweight children aged 6-36 months. The mothers were randomly assigned into two experimental groups and one control group. The data collection instruments included two researcher-made questionnaires whose validity and reliability were established and were self-administered. The intervention was performed based on the above-mentioned MODELs. The data were collected immediately and three months after the intervention and were analyzed through SPSS software (version 22, IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA), using analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi-square, Fisher’ s exact test, Bonferroni test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test, and Shapiro Wilk test at 0. 050 level of significance. Findings: The mothers’ mean age was 31. 24 years old in the three groups and they were homogeneous with regard to other demographic variables. After the intervention, all the constructs of both MODELs, except for the perceived barrier construct, in the two experimental groups showed a significant increase in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusion: The educational intervention based on the THEORY and MODEL had a considerable effect on increasing mothers’ nutritional knowledge and the factors affecting underweight. The results also showed that the THEORY of PLANNED BEHAVIOR was more effective than the health belief MODEL.